International Network for Animal Assisted Coaching What is Animal Assisted Coaching?

What is Animal Assisted Coaching?

Understanding Animal Assisted Coaching

Animal assisted coaching refers to coaching-related practice in which animals are intentionally included as part of the coaching process. The animal may be present as a relational partner, a catalyst for reflection, a source of feedback, a focus for observation, or part of an experiential learning process.

Animal assisted coaching is not simply coaching that happens near animals. It involves thoughtful consideration of how the presence, behaviour or relationship with an animal may support the client’s learning, insight, self-awareness, emotional regulation, confidence, communication, leadership, resilience or wellbeing.

Animal assisted coaching may be used in areas such as personal development, executive coaching, leadership development, wellbeing coaching, educational coaching, team development, outdoor coaching and coaching psychology practice.

The approach requires appropriate competence and care. Practitioners need to consider the needs of the client, the capabilities and welfare of the animal, the suitability of the setting, risk management, informed consent, professional boundaries and supervision.

Animal assisted coaching is an emerging field. The Network therefore encourages curiosity, humility, reflective practice and evidence-informed development.

2026, Stephen Palmer & Siobhain O’Riordan

References and further reading

Animal Assisted Services International. (n.d.). Standards and competencies. https://aas-int.org/aai/standards-of-practice/

Brelsford, V. L., Meints, K., Gee, N. R., & Pfeffer, K. (2017). Animal-assisted interventions in the classroom—A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(7), Article 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070669

Fine, A. H. (Ed.). (2019). Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Foundations and guidelines for animal-assisted interventions (5th ed.). Academic Press.

Fine, A. H., Beck, A. M., & Ng, Z. (2019). The state of animal-assisted interventions: Addressing the contemporary issues that will shape the future. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(20), Article 3997. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203997

García Pinillos, R. (2018). One Welfare: A framework to improve animal welfare and human well-being. CABI.

García Pinillos, R., Appleby, M. C., Manteca, X., Scott-Park, F., Smith, C., & Velarde, A. (2016). One Welfare—A platform for improving human and animal welfare. Veterinary Record, 179(16), 412–413. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.i5470

Holder, T. R. N., Gruen, M. E., Roberts, D. L., Somers, T., & Bozkurt, A. (2020). A systematic literature review of animal-assisted interventions in oncology: Part I—Methods and results. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 19, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735420943278

International Association of Human-Animal Interaction Organizations. (2018). The IAHAIO definitions for animal assisted intervention and guidelines for wellness of animals involved in AAI. IAHAIO. https://iahaio.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/iahaio-white-paper-2018-english.pdf

Lerner, H., Berg, C., Borgi, M., Cirulli, F., Galli, J., Leach, M. C., Lundqvist, M., and others. (2019). A proposal for a comprehensive human–animal approach of evaluation for animal-assisted interventions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), Article 4305. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224305

Palmer, S., & Whybrow, A. (Eds.). (2019). Handbook of coaching psychology: A guide for practitioners (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Santaniello, A., Garzillo, S., Amato, A., Sansone, M., Di Palma, A., Di Maggio, A., Fioretti, A., & Menna, L. F. (2020). Methodological and terminological issues in animal-assisted interventions: An umbrella review of systematic reviews. Animals, 10(5), Article 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10050759

Wong, J., & Standish, L. J. (Eds.). (2021). The welfare of animals in animal-assisted interventions: Foundations and best practice methods. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69587-3